Source edition
Lucian, Vol. 6. Kilburn, Kenneth, editor. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959 (unrenewed copyright).
Source data
Perseus Digital Library · CC BY-SA 4.0
Cloned and adapted by Humanitext, with ongoing edits.
Summary
In this satirical treatise, Lucian of Samosata sharply criticizes the prevailing trend of poor and exaggerated historical writing in his time, presenting a comprehensive guide on how history should truly be written. The author begins by exposing a series of ridiculous examples of contemporary historians who, spurred by recent wars, resorted to flattery, poetic embellishments, geographical fabrications, and blatant falsehoods. Lucian argues that the sole purpose of history is to tell the truth (aletheia) as it is, aiming to benefit future generations rather than to provide temporary pleasure. He outlines the essential qualities of a true historian, including an unbiased mind, political insight, and a clear, consistent style modeled after Thucydides. Concluding with practical advice on structure, pacing, and restraint in descriptions, the work urges historians to write not for immediate praise, but for the judgment of posterity, using the metaphor of the architect of the Pharos of Alexandria.