Letters

Platonis Opera, Tomus V: Tetralogia VIII. Burnet, John, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.

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This work consists of thirteen letters attributed to the philosopher Plato, addressed to Dionysius II, the tyrant of Syracuse, his friend Dion, and various other associates. The core of the collection focuses on Plato's autobiographical recollections of his youthful political disillusionment, his dedication to philosophy, and his attempts to implement the ideal of the philosopher-king in Syracuse, which ultimately faced severe turmoil and failure. In these letters, particularly the famous Seventh Letter, Plato defends his political actions amid Dion's exile and subsequent assassination, arguing that true counsel must reject violence and prioritize the rule of law. The text also delves into profound philosophical digressions, warning against the expression of ultimate truths in writing and explaining that true understanding is like a light kindled in the soul through rigorous dialectic and five stages of knowledge. In addressing the chaotic state of Sicily, the letters urge both victors and vanquished to submit to impartial laws, emphasizing that genuine happiness and justice can only be achieved when power and philosophy are united.