To Philip II

Isocrates, Vol. 3. Van Hook, Larue, editor. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1945 (printing).

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This work is a letter (Letter 3) addressed by the ancient Greek orator Isocrates to King Philip II of Macedon. Set against the critical historical backdrop immediately following the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), the letter is written in the form of a direct appeal from the aging author to the king. Isocrates argues that the current situation, in which the Greek city-states have reached a peace agreement, presents the ultimate opportunity to realize the pan-Hellenic unity he has long advocated. He strongly urges Philip to unite the Greeks and lead a grand expedition against their common enemy, the Persian Empire in Asia. In conclusion, he asserts that accomplishing this great task will bring the king immortal fame worthy of his status, entrusting the fulfillment of this lifelong ideal to Philip at the end of his own life.