Source edition
Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol. VI. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1895.
Source data
Perseus Digital Library · CC BY-SA (per Perseus's terms)
Cloned and adapted by Humanitext, with ongoing edits.
Summary
This philosophical treatise denounces the cruelty and ethical issues of human meat-eating while advocating for the righteousness of vegetarianism. The author begins by criticizing the brutal reality of modern slaughterhouses, warning that dietary immoderation leads to societal luxury and violence. He further points out that animals possess senses and perception, fiercely criticizing Stoic arguments that justify meat-eating while praising the vegetarianism of Pythagoras and Empedocles as ancient and noble teachings. Furthermore, he argues that becoming accustomed to killing animals historically led to massacres among humans, warning that animal slaughter carries immense ethical risks regardless of the truth of reincarnation. Ultimately, the work urges readers to examine their own feelings and conscience regarding justice toward animals.