Epictetus
Greek · Philosophy · Ethics; Fragmentary Texts · Fragment · Others
3 works · 1,334 aligned sentences
Fragments
This collection of fragments preserves the teachings of the Stoic philosopher Epictetus, focusing on self-mastery, ethical practice, and submission to the cosmic order. The author argues that rather than physical investigations of nature, one should prioritize self-knowledge, harmony with the community, and personal moral judgment. The discussion emphasizes the importance of aligning one's impulses with correct impressions (phantasiai) and remaining unattached to external circumstances. Rejecting hedonism, the text introduces anecdotes of figures like Agrippinus, who calmly accepted exile, to illustrate the necessity of cultivating the virtue of the soul. Through various metaphors, such as ship anchors and bodily care, the work concludes by advocating for the restraint of desire, moderation, and the healing of the soul, guiding the reader toward inner freedom and trust in divine providence.
Philosophy4 chunks · §1-5–§22-36564 aligned sentencesRead →Gnomology from Stobaeus (Books 1–2)
This work is a collection of practical moral sayings (gnomae) attributed to the late Stoic philosopher Epictetus, preserved in the anthology of Stobaeus. The central theme of the work revolves around the proper reverence for the gods and the cultivation of harmonious human relationships. It begins by outlining the correct attitude toward prayer and the genuine worship of the divine. The focus then shifts to earthly relationships, offering clear criteria for choosing trustworthy friends and maintaining friendships. Through concrete lessons on the essence of friendship and social interaction, it encourages readers to lead a virtuous life. Ultimately, the collection provides a practical ethical guide that harmonizes piety toward the gods with integrity toward fellow human beings.
Philosophy1 chunks · §1-897 aligned sentencesRead →Gnomology from Stobaeus (Books 3–4)
This work is a collection of ethical maxims by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus. It begins by contrasting a life governed by fortune with one led by virtue, emphasizing the importance of self-examination and why reason should be valued over wealth through rich metaphors. It then moves to practical guidelines for daily life, such as self-control at banquets and maintaining a humble pursuit of truth over vanity in dialogue. Furthermore, the text explains that the essence of freedom and servitude lies not in external circumstances but in the will and the virtue of the soul, urging the reader to adorn themselves with temperance rather than material wealth. Finally, the discussion expands to social justice, detailing the objectivity required of judges and the duty of rulers to cultivate the souls and virtues of their citizens.
Philosophy4 chunks · §1-16–§48-67673 aligned sentencesRead →